Notes, abstracts, papers, exams and problems of Psychology and Sociology

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Time of useful consciousness

Classified in Psychology and Sociology

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The intellectual disability involves 

problems with general mental abilities
 that affect functioning in two areas: 
(intellectual functioning - adaptive fuctioning).
 Intellectual disability affect about one percent of the population.
 Males are more likely than females to be diagnosed with intellectual disability. 



Now, I talk about the causes of this type of disability. 
There are many different causes of intellectual disability. 
It can be associated with a genetic symdrome, 
such as Down syndrome or Fragile X syndrome. 
It may develop following an illness for example meningitis. 
It may result from head trauma during childhood.



In Navarra there is an association called ANFAS dealing with type os disability, and they do many activities for
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Human relation theory was an improvement scientific management theory of organigation

Classified in Psychology and Sociology

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Values and Modernization – Conceptual Framework Modernization theory builds on a long tradition stressing the Potential and extent of human progress. Generalized expectation that socio-economic modernization Effects value change. Enlightment: Science and reason set individuals free Marx: Technological change and capitalism makes Communism possible Smith: Technology is a source of wellbeing Postwar theorists: Some values favor economic progress While other ones not (e.G. Parsons) Nevertheless, classic modernization theory underspecifies (a) Mechanims and (b) types of values brought by modernization. Inglehart and central social theorists consider that economic Change is the main source of value change in modern societies. Values differ much... Continue reading "Human relation theory was an improvement scientific management theory of organigation" »

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Microeconomics +explain how real world conditions match model + sources.Edu

Classified in Psychology and Sociology

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A)No Interface position(any Relation)-Represented by Krashen(the main author of that)-2 different Ways to develop lg. competence: acquisition & learning.*Krashen, 1982:10–Acq (is) a process similar, if not identical to the way Children develop ability in their 1 lg. Acq is a subconscious Process, lg. Acquires are not usually aware of the fact that they are Acquiring lg., but we only aware of the fact that they are using the Lg. For communication. The result of lg. Acq, acquired competence, is Also subconscious. We are generally not consciously aware of the Rules of the lgs we have acquired. Instead, we have a ''feel''for Correctness.Gramm sentences'sound' right or 'feel'right,& errors Feel wrong,even if we do not consciously know
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Human performance

Classified in Psychology and Sociology

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1.Psychology:scientific study of human mind and behaviour:  How we think, feel, act and interact individually and in groups.

2.Health psychology:Uses knowledge of psychology and health to promote general well-being And understand physical illness.

3.Clinical psychology:Deals with a wide range of mental and physical health problems including Addiction, anxiety, depression, learning difficulties and relationship Issues. 

4.Educational psychology:Tackles challenges such as learning Difficulties, social and emotional problems, issues around disability as well As more complex developmental disorders

5.Research psychology:Research underpins much of the teaching and practice of psychology as it Provides the evidence-base for psychological theory and

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Explain the following: Bordedom, Reflex Action, Imprinting, Direct experience, Indirect experience.

Classified in Psychology and Sociology

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1.External sensible knowledge

  a. The Object of senses

  • Formal object:

-Per Se (Direct): That which can be perceived by the   sense

proper: only can be perceived by one Sense

common: it can be perceived by many Senses

-Per accidens(indirect): that Which the sense does not   perceive by itself, but is added by the soul to The direct   object. Our senses are never wrong. Experience

b. Senses

·Nature Of the sense:

Senses are potencies, Powers.They need a stimulation to go from Potency to act. Senses react to the action of an object. They Are passive if there is no activity they will not react.

  1. It’s a capability

  2. It’s a passive potency

 3. It is not material nor spiritual, they are Bodies informed by an inmaterial principle which

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Divided attention

Classified in Psychology and Sociology

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Information pack: info det by the senders hyp about what the receiver does and does not know. Old info / new info 

Sentence divided in 2 parts: informative part (rheme) add info or modify B) less info (theme) link sentence to the preceding discourse NEW INFO > OLD INFO.
Same meaning but NOT the same communicative significance. 
THE END-F / END-W principle: old to new info end focus is the accent of the sentence -Goes hand in hand with the END.-W 
Heavy struc may appear in intitial posi if theres a coflict between the two principle (RHEME) at the end. 
Stress can be placed on any element struc to which we want to give prominance (mainly for contr or empha) 
PACK INFO: 1) Syn devices =/ syn struc word order (clefts, frontings, extraposi) 
2)
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Basic problems of political science

Classified in Psychology and Sociology

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The French Psychologist who worked with Theodore Simon in establishing one of the first intelligence test was Binet.

The part of the neuron that sends messages to other neurons is called Axon.

The white fatty covering around the axon of some neurons is called Myelin Sheath.

Grouping related items to increase information that can be held in short term memory is called Chunking.

Procedural memory refers to the process of acquiring skills as a result of practice and repetition.

The Parasympathetic System automatically slows body organs after a time of intense alarm or activity.

The Sympathetic system prepares the body for action in threatening situations.

 The sympathetic nervous system converses and maintains your physical resources. T

AlbertBandura

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Good morning, have you got

Classified in Psychology and Sociology

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Delight(sadness), furitively (openly) secretly, seedy dirty and unpleasant, tilitate(boring)  interesting esp. Sexually, pervasive being present everywhere, transform(preserve), compulsiveness  state of being unable to stop or control your emotions/actions diverting(boring) entertaining and amusing  formative having an important and lasting influence on the development of sb  promote(discourage), cue signal, submissive(assertive) willing to obey, correlation link/connection multiply(decrease) increase, prod poke, prodding encouraging to do something, reciptient(giver) person who receives, invigorated(exhausted) refreshed, clavicle collarbone, release (stress), pilgrimage journey to a place connected with sth you admire, connect(loosen),
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Composition environment

Classified in Psychology and Sociology

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Emminent Giftedness and high achievement – beyond IQRenzulli (2002) – intersection of three factors (intelligence, Exceptional motivation, high creativity)Simonton (2001) – drudge theory ; push themselves harder and Benefit more from intensive practice

Winner Says hard work may be a result of inborn ability ;Gifted are more Likely to find efforts rewarding and thus work harder

Cumulative Deprivation hypothesis – children raised in substandard Environments experience a gradual decline in IQ as they get older Because other children will be progressing more rapidly

Studies Of adopted children do show similarity to biological parents, But better environment does also have an effect on IQ

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Time of useful consciousness

Classified in Psychology and Sociology

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Processes of Memory
o Memory: the capacity to retain and retrieve information
o Storage: retention of information
o Retrieval: calling up stored information
o Both processes must be working correctly in order for us to remember something
o Prior to storage, memory must first be encoded in the brain at the actual time the event happens
o Effortless encoding: occurs automatically
o Effortful encoding: requires practicing information (rehearsal)
o Atkinson and Shiffrin (1968) proposed a three-stage model (a.K.A. Dual store model)
o (insert image here)
o Three different parts of our memory: sensory memory, short-term memory, and long-term memory
o In the process of memory storage/retrieval, info may pass through each of these stages in different
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