Fascism and Nazism

5. Italian Fascism
5.1 postwar Italy
The end of the great war left in italy serious human and economic consequences, killing 700,000 men, many industries were unserviceable foreign debt and high inflation had increased. The peace accords were a big disappointment, as the allies agreed to surrender to Italy of the Trentino, Trieste and Istria and Dalmatia, but not Fiume, as agreed in the Treaty of London (1915). There was great political instability, since between 1919 and 1922 happen 5 gobieron different. The economic crisis created a strong social tension.

5.2 The rise of fascism
In this critical situation appeared Benito Mussolini, who in 1919 created the fasci fighter, called Blackshirts. In 1921 the Fascists were transformed into the National Fascist Party, which was presented as more effective action against the revolutionary movements in Italy. In the elections of 1922 the fascist party won only 22 Members of 500. But that same year 300,000 black shirts crushed strikes by trade unions and socialist anarchists. Mussolini demanded the government and organized a march on Rome with their black shirts. The king pressed, he named head of government.

5.3 The fascist dictatorship
Between 1922 and 1925 Mussolini developing a process of restriction of freedoms and persecution of their opponents. After the 1924 elections establishes an authoritarian regime, which is vested with full powers and called himself Duce. The political parties were banned, their leaders imprisoned and persguidos parliament and replaced by a Chamber of Fasci.

6. The establishment of Nazism in Germany
6.1 Weimar Republic
In 1918, the Kaiser abdicated from his position and proclaimed the Republic. He established his capital in the city of Weimar. Germany had to take the defeat and accept the harsh peace terms imposed by the victors. The postwar years were to germany economic crisis, poverty and unemployment. Thus, in the early years was threatened by left-wing revolutionary movement and attempted coups of the extreme right.

6.2 Hitler and the Nazi Party
Adolf Hitler was a demobilized soldier of the 1st globaliza War had not accepted the defeat of Germany and in 1920 founded the National Socialist Workers Party of Germany (NSDAP) was the leader. We also acquired a paramilitary organization, the Divisions of Assault (SA). In his book "Mein Kampf" express their contempt for democracy. Hitler defended the anti-Semitism, the superiority of the Aryan race and the creation of an empire that would unite all German-speaking peoples.

6.3 Nazism to power
In the period between 1924 and 1929 was to improve economic and social stability. But the consequences of the crisis of 1929 were harsh for germany. In 1932 there were more than 6 million unemployed. Social unrest inclined to much of the population towards the proposals for extremist parties. So in the 1932 elections the Nazi party won 13 million votes and in January 1933, President Hindenburg named Hitler chancellor. Soon after the Nazis started the fire in the Reichstag (Parliament) and accused the communists.
Tran in 1934 death of Hindenburg, Hitler was proclaimed Führer and chancellor of the 3rd Reich.