The

PLATELMINTOS
Introduction - flatworms have bilateral symmetry.
Bilateral symmetry - symmetry that divides the body of a living being into two equal parts, from a longitudinal section.
Habitat - the flatworms are found in:
Wet soil - Geoplana;
Freshwater - Dugesia;
Saltwater - Notoplana and Stylochus;
Interior of living organisms, living as parasites - Taenia, Schistosoma, Fasciola.
Structure - flatworms are animals body elongated and flattened dorsiventral, with or without segmentation. They have digestive and excretory structures, but have also respiratory or circulatory system.
Nutrition --have incomplete digestive system and also undertake a process of digestion mixed, ie, the extracellular and intracellular part.
Nervous System - had two nerve ganglia, called the cerebral ganglia in the head, below the ocelli.
Excretion - have for the first time the flame cell (or solenócitos).
Playback - can be sexual or asexual. Asexual - regeneration in planarians, and estrobilização in tapeworms. Sexual - occurs mainly by internal and cross-fertilization, although many of these animals of this phylum are hermaphrodite.
Classification - in three classes:
Turbellarians - This class consists exclusively by wild animals such as flatworms, freshwater, and Geoplana, land.
Trematodes- All species of this class are parasites. They have branched mouth and intestines. They have two suction cups for attachment, one around the mouth and the other ventral.
Tapeworms - are all parasites. These animals have a very clear head, followed by a series of segments called proglottids.
= Verminoses diseases caused by flatworms.
Schistosomiasis or water belly - is caused by the worm - Schistosoma mansoni
It is transmitted in places that do not have basic sanitation, and is carried by the rivers of fresh water.
Taeniasis - is caused by two species of worms - Taenia saginata and Taenia solum, both known to be solitary. is transmitted through the meat, when you have the worm larvae, the man after eating the contaminated meat and undercooked, they receive cysticercosis.
Cysticercosis- Is caused by the worm - T. solium - is transmitted in the ingestion of food contaminated with eggs of T. solium.
Aschelminth
Introduction - the Aschelminth is considered by many taxonomists as a meeting of several independent groups, and among them are the roundworms or nematodes.
Habitat - the Aschelminth are wild animals, found in wet soils, freshwater and sea, or living as parasites in animals or plants.
Structure - the animals are Aschelminth elongated body, tapering at the ends, without segmentation, with bilateral system and covered by a kind of protective cuticle.
Nutrition - the digestive system of the type Aschelminth is complete, while for the first time in the zoological scale, the anal opening. Digestion is completely extracellular in wild animals and absent in intestinal parasites.
Nervous system - the nervous system of these worms is a centralized, with a brain-shaped ring.
Excretion - is held by a giant cell, whose shape is a letter H.
Playback - are generally of the sexes apart, with clear sexual dimorphism, ie, male and female can be easily identified. The fecindação is crossed and inside, with a large production of eggs. The development may be direct or indirect. We know of asexual reproduction in this group.
Diseases caused by Aschelminth:
Ascariasis or worm - is a disease caused in humans by worms - Ascaris lumbricoides, known as worms. A person can acquire this parasite by eating raw vegetables or water contaminated with eggs of the worm.
Hookworm or yellowing - is caused by two different worms - Ancylostoma duodenale and Necator americanus. A person acquires the disease by rabditóides penetration of larvae through the skin.
Elephantiasis - is caused by the worm - Wuchereria bancrofti - is transmitted by a mosquito of the genus Culex.
Morphophysiology
Plant growth - in the course of evolution in which the seed is transformed into a complete plant, there is a series of phenomena such as division, expansion and differentiation.
Roots - the roots are organs that show positive geotropism, that is, grow in the same direction of the gravitational force toward the center of the earth. Are chlorophyll and have basically functions to fix the plant to the ground, besides undertaking the absorption of water and minerals.

Suberosa Region - where are produced secondary roots, where roots will develop other tertiary calls and so on, forming the typical branch of the root system.
Region hair zones- Characterized by the presence of the absorbers that are produced from skin cells. The function of the is to perform the absorption of water and minerals.
Smooth region - as the name implies this region of the root there is any kind of structure attached.
Hood or calyptra - is a protective coating of meristematic tissue located at the apex of the root.
Stem - the seed plants the stem is formed from the growth and differentiation of the embryo caulículo.
We - the stem there are certain places is intense activity of cell division and differentiation in order to synthesize new structures. The nodes are one of these sites consist of meristematic cells.
Internodes - between us there are intervals, usually regular, called internodes.
Gems or buttons - are regions consisting of meristematic tissues that form the buds of the stem.
Leaves - are the bodies responsible for plant photosynthesis.
Limbo - is a leaf surface in the form of thin green blade, which fall into innervations.
Petiole - resembles a small cable that connects the node of the stem to the base of limbo.
Sheath - region between the bottom of the petiole.
Meristem - is a type of tissue that remains permanently embryonic characteristics.
Primary meristem:
Apical meristem - located at the apex of the stem, it promotes continuous growth in length of the organ.
Apical meristem of the root - is a build up of delicate embryonic cells that are covered by the root cap.
Lateral buds - are primary meristems that give rise to lateral branches that arise in profusion of stems of higher plants.
Secondary meristems:
Fologênia - tissue located at the periphery of the stem and root secondary growth, which produces the cork out, and pheloderm inside.
Exchange interfascicular - tissue located in the medullary region of the stem and root secondary growth, being responsible for producing the conducting tissues.