Aristotle "life is not a game"
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1. Explain
What the Success Theory of self-interest is, as described by Derek Parfit. A
theory of self-interest is a general answer to the question ‘what would be in a
Person’s interest?’ or ‘what would be best for a person? ’Or what would make aperson’s
life go for him, as well as possible?’. The success theory of self-interest is
Part of the desire-fulfillment theories, which claim that what would make one’s
Life go best is whatever would best fulfill one’s desires. What makes one’s
Life’s go better is whatever better fulfills their desires. The success theory
Restricts the relevant desires to be desires about one’s own life. Only desires
That involve me will be relevant in determining whether or not my life is going
Better or worse.2. Explain what an
Objective List Theory of self-interest is, as described by Derek. Parfit. According
To the objective list theory there are certain things that make our life go best,
Or go better, whether we desire these things or not, or whether we are aware of
Having such things or not. Such things might include moral goodness, being a
good parent, knowledge… Objectives list theories are distinguished from each
Other by what objects are found on the respective lists. One theory might claim
That having children is an objective goes that makes your life go better or
Another theory might say that’s not the case. 3.According to Derek Parfit, what are the three possible kinds of
Theories of self-interest? These theories complete the answer “What makes a
Person’s life go as well aspossible?”
The idea is that every possible complete answer to the question, will be atleast one of these kinds of theories.Hedonistic, desire fulfillment and
Objective list theories.4. Give an
Example of a modus tollens argument. (It doesn’t need to be a philosophical
Argument.) If I’m hungry I eat, if I’m not hungry I do not eat. 5) Explain the difference between
Intrinsic Attitudinal Hedonism and Desert Adjusted Intrinsic Attitudinal
Hedonism. IAH is considered correct someone who enjoys doing things in
Their life that areactually “worth”
Enjoying. On the contrary, DAIAH is when someone who enjoys theirlife and is actually enjoying
Something worth enjoying. 6) Explain the
Difference between Sensory hedonism and Attitudinal hedonism. Concerning
Sensory hedonism, all that is required is that the one that experiences thefeeling enjoys it. For example,
Someone sticking their foot into a hot bath. The feelingof heat is a paradigm example of a feeling. It is an attitude. An
Example of attitudinalhedonism,
Suppose I find a book to be very enjoyable. In this case, I am takingattitudinal pleasure in the fact that
This book is well written. 7) Give a
Modus tollens argument against Intrinsic Attitudinal Hedonism using Feldman’s
Example of the terrorist who enjoys seeing folks suffer. As a terrorist
Gets pleasure with suffer, it is related with cruelty. Pleasures such as thismight seem to make a life worse,
Rather than better. Hedonism looks for the pleasurein the right way. 8) Give a
Definition of basic human good according to Gomez-Lobo.A basic human good
Is something that is a fundamental ingredient to humanflourishing. All of them together is what makes up happiness, this
Is what is toflourish. A life where
You have all these goods is a life worth living. 9) What are the basic human goods according to Gomez-Lobo? Gomez-Lobo
Says there are 7 basic human goods. These are: Life, Family and integrity,
Friendship, Work and play, Knowledge, The experience of beauty, Theoretical
Knowledge, Religionsand Health. 10) According to Aristotle everyone agrees that the highest human
Good is happiness. Explain what it means for something to be the highest human good.
The highest good is that good at which all actions aim. It must be an end
In itself, self-sufficient and
Attainable. As happiness alone satisfies these conditions, happinessalone is our highest good. 12) According to Aristotle, what is the highest
Good of the human being? The highest good is a solitary nucleolus which all
Other goods are acted upon for. ForAristotle,
This highest good is happiness or Eudaimonia (which translates to living well) 13) According to Aristotle, what is an
Ethical or moral virtue? Virtue is of two kinds, intellectual and moral.
The intellectual is generated and fosteredfor the most part by teaching, and so requires time and experience. Moral
Virtuehowever is derived from
Customary action.Virtue then is a
Habit that chooses the mean in regard to us, as that mean isdetermined by reason and understood by
A wise man.Virtue is a mean between
Two vices: of that which is according to excess and of thatwhich is according to defect.For this reason, virtue according to its essence and definition is a mean.
But it is also anextreme as having
The nature of what is best and right.Aristotle
Defines moral virtue as a disposition to behave in the light manner and as amean between extremes of deficiency
And excess, which are vices. We learn moralvirtue primary through habit and practice, rather than through reasoning
Andinstruction. 14) According to Aristotle, what are the vices associated with
Courage? (One of these vices will involve excess and the other defect regarding
Danger.) In examining specific virtues, such as courage, Aristotle defined
Them as a “mean”between two
Extremes. Courage lies between the vices of cowardliness and rashness. 15) According to Aristotle, what are the
Vices associated with temperance? (One of these vices will involve excess and
The other defect regarding bodily pleasures.) The vices associated with
Temperance are the following: Excess in these things is calledintemperance. On the other side,
Persons lacking a sense of pleasure are unnamed,although they may be called insensible. 16) Explain the difference between external goods, goods of the body,
And goods of the soul. 3 types of goods according to Aristotle:1 External goods: goes beyond us,
That’s outside of us. 2 Good of the
Soul: something we are pursuing in rational activities. 3Goods of the body: good for our health. Taking a shower = rational activity(We care about smelling good).
Gym outside of our house = external good. Dancing = good of the soul.
Sleeping = good of the body