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16 17 c. Precious metals route.Sp Silver peru/mexico to seville. Spice route.Port malacca/india-africa-lisbon Atlantic/Indian ocean routes.Nt/en eng-india Nt- indonesia/portugal mediter ports lose atlant gain importance  population didnt grow in 17 c   Burgeoisie became influential  Louis XIV Fr 1643-1715 absolute monarch. Court at palace versailles 1682 advisers, intendants and civil servants helped him  Absolute monarchy in europe. Westphalia ended war between protestants/catholics  religious freedom north europe/england-lutheran/calvinist/anglican.   south europe-catholic  France most powerful