French Industrialization

Cntxt 19thIRspreads 2 nw sectors ndcountrs,but unevenly. Today, most success econ: WEur,US. Growth in EU.Great Diverg. Century British leadershipFinancialnd Econ,Diplomatic ndPolit (Pax Britannica). Indust of NW Eu gives to the continent a Core-Periphery struct.Scandinavia more successf in bridging the gap. S Eu, partial nd later. East and Balkans largely unaffected by MEG.Great Britain:Trading, industndfinan leader. Specializ in core sectors of  1 IR: coal, iron nd txtil.1850-70: peak of relative industlsupremacy. Pioneer f railways ndshipbildin. Lost leadershx US nd Germ at end of cent.France: Slower overall growth of GNP, but not pc terms. Low demogr growth:Early demogr transit (< natalit). Low urbaniz rate. Special path 2 indust:Poor coal endowment, Extensive use of hydraulpower determined nature of French indust.Small scale and scatteredindustry, specialized in high value added prodcts. Belgium (small scale UK): L-r industtradit. Attracted foreign Kand good access to foreign markts (F). Institutional innovats:Investmntbanking, 1st verticintegratfirms. Very industlzd by 1840.Hevy dependence on int’l markts.GermanyLast of indust, but most succesfl..00-33:Politically divided (38 polities). High transact costs: heterogeneous legal framework, monetary system, trade policies. Largely rural

1800-1833: Moderniztn. Institutional reforms under French rule (Confederation of the Rhine) or French threat (Prussia).1818: Tariff unification in Prussia. Effcts: Common market, Extrnal low tariff (to beat protectionist Austria). 1833-1870: Great Indust (40-50). Mrktintegrndralwys. Techno of th 1st IR (Coal). Early adoption of new steel production techniques (developed since 1850-1870).1871-1914:2nd Reich (Empire). Gld Stand. Industrlledershp in EU.German industrialization: Emphasis on capital goods and intermediate products. Successful adoption of new products and technlgies.Key player in 2nd IR