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eutrophication= occurs when lakes, Costal waters receive inputs of nutrients, (nitrates and sulphates)  which has a negative impact on the growth of plants and phytoplankton.

specie diversity= in communities is the product of two variables, the number of species, (richnessandthe relative proportions. 

The iucn red list= international union for the conservation of nature and natural resources.

land bridges= when specie invades a new areas, affects food chain,

continental drift= separation of continentes, similar animals adapt different to different biomes.

inertia is the property of an ecosystem to resist changes, this will either resist change or fast recovery.